Acute Trauma (recent, single-incident)
A recent event the nervous system has not finished cataloguing. Motor vehicle collision on the Sea-to-Sky, a workplace incident, a violent encounter, a sudden loss. Intrusions, sleep disruption, startle response, and avoidance show up within weeks. Acute presentations often respond to focused belief-layer work paired with body-state regulation, sometimes alongside EMDR. The work targets the identity-level belief the event installed, not a session-by-session retelling of what happened.
Complex Trauma (cPTSD, chronic exposure)
Repeated or prolonged exposure across years, often starting young. Difficulty trusting safe people, a baseline sense of being unsafe regardless of the actual room, dissociation under pressure, identity diffusion, and emotional dysregulation that feels disproportionate to the trigger. cPTSD is recognised in ICD-11; the DSM-5 captures pieces of it under PTSD and related diagnoses. The work is longer and paced differently than single-incident trauma, and it does not require a session-by-session retelling.
Developmental + Attachment Trauma
Patterns installed before the language to describe them was available. Inconsistent caregiving, neglect, loss of a caregiver, or growing up in a home where the nervous system never settled. Adult-life signal: relationships feel unstable even when nothing is going wrong, self-worth wobbles with proximity, abandonment fear runs on its own track. The belief layer here is identity-shaped and pre-verbal. Pacing matters more than coverage.
Vicarious + Secondary Trauma
Exposure through someone else's experience. Healthcare workers at Vancouver General and the hospital network, paramedics and dispatchers, social workers, settlement counsellors, journalists covering hard beats, family members of someone who lived through something. Same nervous-system signature as direct trauma: hypervigilance, intrusions, numbing. The belief layer often centres on responsibility and helplessness.
Single-Event Trauma (non-acute)
A discrete event from years ago that still runs the show. A car crash, an assault, a medical scare, the day a family member died, a moment in childhood. The event ended, the belief stayed. Often presents with a specific avoided trigger, a clear before-and-after, and a sense of "I should be over this by now." Single-event work is the most predictable shape of trauma work; the belief layer underneath is usually small and reachable.
Attachment-Loss + Betrayal Trauma
A trust violation by someone whose safety was foundational. Partner betrayal, parental abandonment, institutional betrayal, a clinician who got it wrong. The presenting picture often looks like anxiety or depression, but the nervous-system signature is trauma-shaped: hypervigilance about the relationship, intrusive replays, identity-level questions about safety and worth. The work targets the belief about being unsafe with people, not a relitigation of what the other person did.
Medical Trauma
A surgery, a long hospital stay at Vancouver General or BC Children's, an ICU admission, a cancer diagnosis, a complicated birth, a near-miss that the medical record describes in two clinical lines. The body remembers what the chart doesn't capture. Medical PTSD shows up around appointments, anniversaries, certain smells, and any return to the system. Belief layer is usually safety, control, or bodily integrity. Trauma work here is often paired with continued medical care; coordination matters.