Acute Trauma
A single recent event, a collision on the Gardiner, a workplace incident, an assault, an ER admission, a sudden loss. Memory is sharp, intrusive, recent. The body is still in alarm and hasn't downshifted. Belief-pattern work pairs with nervous-system pacing; if EMDR or CPT is already in motion, ILT runs the identity-level layer underneath.
Complex Trauma (cPTSD)
Repeated exposure over months or years, often inside a relationship, a workplace, a household, or a system. ICD-11 recognises Complex PTSD; DSM-5 captures the picture under PTSD with associated features. The belief layer is dense and long-installed: "I Am Not in Control," "I Am Vulnerable," "I Am Permanently Damaged." Sessions move slower than single-incident work; pacing is client-led throughout.
Developmental Trauma
Childhood exposure that shapes the nervous system before adult language is available. Attachment disruption, instability at home, caregivers who couldn't be a safe base. The adult symptom looks like chronic relational unease and self-worth fractures more than flashback. ILT works the identity beliefs that got installed during those years; the body work is paced accordingly.
Vicarious + Secondary Trauma
First responders, healthcare workers, social workers, frontline clinicians, journalists, lawyers, refugee-settlement workers. Toronto General, SickKids, paramedic services, family-court systems, immigration-and-refugee work, cumulative exposure to other people's worst days lands as your own dysregulation over time. The belief layer often centres on responsibility, fragility, and powerlessness.
Single-Event Trauma
One incident, clearly bounded. A robbery, an accident, a medical event, an assault, a sudden death. Symptom course differs from complex trauma: more discrete intrusions, more identifiable triggers, often more responsive to time-bounded work. EMDR + CPT + Prolonged Exposure are well-established for symptom reduction; ILT addresses the identity-level shift many clients report still feels unfinished after symptoms ease.
Attachment Trauma
Early relational ruptures that the nervous system filed as "people are not safe to need." Adult patterns repeat: difficulty trusting, push-pull in close relationships, collapse at perceived abandonment, performance of fine-ness to avoid being too much. Beliefs commonly in scope: "I Am Unwanted," "I Am Abandoned," "I Am Fragile."
Medical Trauma
A diagnosis delivered badly. An intervention that overwhelmed your ability to consent in the moment. An emergency at Toronto General, SickKids, Sunnybrook, Mount Sinai, Princess Margaret. A NICU stay. A pregnancy loss in a clinical setting. The body holds the procedure, the gown, the lighting, the language used. The belief installed is often "I Am An Object," "I Am Powerless," or "I Am In Danger."